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Home » How advanced filtration increases the potential for a circular economy
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How advanced filtration increases the potential for a circular economy

userBy userSeptember 29, 2025No Comments8 Mins Read
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The world economy operates at just 6.9% on a circular metric, the ratio of resource reuse, as defined by the Circle Economy, an international think tank.

The determined concept of take-making waste is depleting natural resources, damaging biodiversity, and accelerating climate change. Transforming waste into valuable resources as the nation is in a hurry to meet its net zero targets – turning waste into wealth is both an environmental mandate and economic opportunity.

However, this transformation requires sophisticated enablement technology that often works behind the scenes. Advanced filtration is one of these important enablers and provides essential features for large-scale effective resource recovery across multiple industries.

The following examples from Pall Corporation, a filtering specialist expert, demonstrate how these technologies extract value from five major waste streams, creating new revenue opportunities while advancing decarbonization goals across a variety of sectors.

EV Battery Recycling: Recovering Important Materials

Anoop Suvarna, Global Battery Materials Manager, Pall Corporation

The explosive growth in the adoption of electric vehicles creates both an unprecedented opportunity and the need for a recovery of battery materials. Global EV sales in 2024 reached 17 million people worldwide, up over 25%, and is expected to reach 3 TWH or more in 2030, up from one TWH in 2024. This surge increases pressure on important materials such as lithium, cobalt, and nickel.

The regulatory framework also drives the need for effective recycling solutions. The EU Battery Directive requires a lithium recovery rate of 50% by 2027 and 80% by 2031, and strict targets for recycled content and materials recovery.

Advanced filtration techniques have proven important across all three major recycling methods (direct recycling, heat and water plants), and subsidence has emerged as a preferred approach due to high material recovery rates and reduced energy consumption. In this process, the ground battery black mass must undergo acidic treatment to dissolve the target metal, and refined filtration will separate the metal-rich graphite material from the metal-rich solution.

The filtration system developed during subsequent recovery stages of the chemical precipitation, solvent extraction, and adsorbent beds directly determines both the purity and economic value of the recovered material.

By removing solid particles and contaminants while maintaining metal purity, advanced filtration increases process efficiency, protects critical equipment and maximizes economic incentives for expanding recycling.

Sustainable Aviation Fuel: Converts edible oil into power aircraft

Rory Duncan, Global Market Manager, Oil & Gas, Pall Corporation

Passenger traffic is projected to double from 9.5 billion in 2024 to 19.5 billion, which intensifies the challenge of decarbonisation in aviation, and the sector currently accounts for 2.5% of global CO2 emissions and 4% of temperatures since the pre-industrial era. The European Commission’s Refuelu Aviation Regulations mandate strict targets for the use of sustainable aviation fuels (SAFs) over the next 25 years, making production optimization a critical factor in industry compliance.

SAF production from waste edible oils, animal fats, agricultural residues and other materials can reduce aviation emissions by up to 80% over the life cycle compared to traditional jet fuels. However, unlike crude oil feedstocks, bio-based materials vary significantly in particle size, composition, density, and viscosity.

Advanced filtration technology optimizes SAF production at multiple critical stages. Pretreatment requires a membrane-based system that includes microfiltration and ultrafiltration to remove suspended solids, emulsified water and contaminants, ensuring that the raw materials meet strict quality requirements. Depth filtration systems with high contamination capacity processes efficiently increase in large quantities, while high flow systems can extend operations from just 2 hours to a full week when dealing with highly contaminated vegetable oils.

Through HEFA (hydroponic cultivation of esters and fatty acids), Fischer Tropsch (FT) synthesis, alcohol to jet (ATJ), or catalytic hydrothermolysis (CH) – catalyst protection can be micro-calculated and promote expensive equipment. The final polishing step deploys coalscers and high flow filters to achieve moisture content below 100 ppm and meet aviation fuel particulate requirements, allowing for “drop-in” compatibility with existing aircraft engines and fuel infrastructure

Plastic waste to usable oil: enable chemical recycling on scale

Serhat Oezeren, Global Vertical Market Manager – Chemicals, Polymers, Plastic Recycling, Pall Corporation

Despite the decisive end to recent negotiations on the Global Plastics Convention, many governments and organizations continue to be committed to addressing plastic pollution. Chemical recycling through pyrolysis is one of the promising options to complement mechanical recycling thanks to its ability to handle diverse plastic waste streams.

Pyrolysis involves thermochemical decomposition of waste at 400-600°C without oxygen, producing syngas and char. CHAR can be refined into recycled carbon black or activated carbon for applications such as pigmentation and beverage clarification, but Syngas is processed in place of natural gas or into pyrolysis oils. This oil can be replaced with oil, mixed with diesel, or even refined for industrial fuels.

However, pyrolysis faces technical challenges, particularly in pollution control. Mixed plastic waste contains complex combinations of polymers and non-polymeric materials, including downstream contaminants such as particles and cola. Additional contaminants, including organic gels, dissolved metals, and dispersions, require effective separation solutions.

Advanced filtration and coalescence are essential in multiple stages to remove particles and separate water from pyrolytic oil or gas flow. This not only cleans up oil and gas for downstream treatment, but also prevents equipment fouling, reduces maintenance downtime, and improves product quality and operational efficiency.

To convert pyrolysis oils to lighter olefins, the material must be transferred to a steam cracker. The particles and metal contaminants in crude pyrolysis oil have a major impact on the steam cracker furnace and recovery sections, reducing uptime due to increased caulk.

Depth filtration provides an efficient and cost-effective solution to remove harmful contaminants and reduce contamination to acceptable levels for crude naphtha feed in steam crackers.

Carbon capture, storage and utilization: purification for process optimization

Juli Ample Mile, Global Market Manager – Carbon Capture, Paul Corporation

Carbon capture, utilization, and storage (CCU) is a key point in global decarbonization, representing the most feasible technologies for the gradual sectors such as cement, steel and chemicals. CCUS is projected to increase by up to 24% over the next five years, reaching approximately $13 billion by 2030. The World Economic Forum says policy-driven growth could be reduced by around 14% by 2030, primarily through reduced capital, transportation and storage costs.

However, implementations can take up to six years, including long permits for underground quarantine. Removing impurities from trapped CO2 such as sulfur dioxide, nitric oxide, oxygen and water remains an important operational challenge that directly affects efficiency and economics. These contaminants destroy operations, reduce capture efficiency, reduce damage equipment, and increase maintenance costs. Without proper purification during transport or conversion, corrosion and unnecessary reactions of the pipeline are a serious risk.

Advanced filtration and separation techniques are essential for the entire CCUS value chain, particularly for the most economical and mature method of absorbed carbon capture. High-performance coulescers improve compressor operation by removing liquids and particulates, while high-efficiency filters in the reservoir inlet prevent fouling and maintain long-term storage purity.

Beyond permanent geological storage, captured CO2 can be used to manufacture fuel, building materials, enhance oil capture and create new revenue streams while supporting decarbonization goals.

Alternative protein: Upcycling food waste through membrane technology

Kartheek Anekella, Pall Corporation, Global Technology Strategy Leader for Alternative Proteins

The world’s population will reach 10 billion by 2050, with more than 1 billion tonnes of food being wasted each year, making sustainable protein solutions important. The intensive land and water requirements of traditional livestock agriculture are combined with significant greenhouse gas emissions, which accelerates the growth of the alternative protein sector, and is projected to reach $93.6 billion by 2033.

Advanced filtration techniques convert farming by-products (used grains, fruit peels, oilseed cakes, potato starch residues) into high-value protein-rich alternatives. This complex process requires accurate control of biomass conversion while addressing critical variability challenges.

Conflicts in the source material create processing obstacles, as waste streams contain nutrient factors, microorganisms, microbial contaminants, and anti-nutrition factors that vary depending on agricultural origin, seasonality, and storage conditions. This variability can impair the functional and trophic properties of the final protein product.

Membrane filtration and microfiltration techniques provide target solutions through selective protein separation based on molecular weight, size and charge. These systems standardize and concentrate the desired protein fractions while removing unwanted components. Sterile filtration using 0.2 micron membranes reduces microbial load and proves particularly important for cell culture media that supports cultivated meat production.

Conclusion: Advanced filtration is important for successful circulation

As the circular economy evolves from suction to implementation, the role of enablement technologies such as advanced filtration will become increasingly necessary.

Recognizing these fundamental capabilities, organizations that invest in are best positioned to acquire value from the waste-based transformation that rebuilds global industries, while also meaningfully contributing to the decarbonisation goals essential to the future of the planet.


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